\u00cen octombrie, la Tiraspol, a avut loc FEIIT, unde au participat mai mult de 600 de reprezentan\u021bi din Germania, Italia, Elve\u021bia, Marea Britanie, Polonia, Rom\u00e2nia, SUA, China, Estonia, Ucraina, Rusia \u0219i Transnistria. \u00cen cadrul forumului au fost semnate 9 acorduri. Dou\u0103 dintre acestea sunt \u00eencheiate cu investitori care vor deschide noi produc\u021bii \u00een Transnistria, \u0219i anume cultivarea culturilor de fructe \u0219i deschiderea unei \u00eentreprinderi farmaceutice.<\/p>\n
O problem\u0103 important\u0103 dezb\u0103tut\u0103 la forum a fost adoptarea de c\u0103tre Transnistria \u00een prim\u0103vara anului 2018 a legii \u201eCu privire la sprijinul statului la activit\u0103\u021bile de investi\u021bii\u201d. Legea a intrat \u00een vigoare \u00een aceast\u0103 var\u0103. \u00cen baza legii, investitorii ar trebui s\u0103 fie atra\u0219i de avantajele fiscale: scutirea de impozitul pe venit timp de cinci ani, impozitul pe teren timp de cinci ani, reducerea ratei impozitului social unificat la 14% pe cinci ani (rata standard este de 25%), scutirea ac\u021bionarilor impozitul pe venit de la persoane fizice \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te dividendele (o parte din profitul net) pe o perioad\u0103 de cinci ani. Aceste avantaje sunt pentru investi\u021biile minime. Dac\u0103, volumul lor este de la 500 de mii de euro la un milion de euro, scutirile de taxe vor fi valabile timp de \u0219apte ani. Dac\u0103 investi\u021bia este mai mare de un milion de euro – scutirea se face pentru 10 ani. \u00cen plus, materiile prime, materialele, echipamentele, inclusiv ma\u0219inile, mecanismele, precum \u0219i materialele pentru proiectele de investi\u021bii, la fel sunt scutite de taxe.<\/p>\n
\u00cen 2018, Transnistria, a f\u0103cut un mare pas \u00eenainte pentru a-\u0219i spori atractivitatea \u00een domeniul investi\u021biilor, au fost deschise noi oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru investitori: – reducerile importante ale impozitelor (at\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200bceea ce prive\u0219te capitalul fix, c\u00e2t \u0219i dividendele); – asigurarea granturilor naturale de stat (locuri de produc\u021bie); – normele legale care garanteaz\u0103 protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva posibilei deterior\u0103ri a mediului de afaceri; – oportunit\u0103\u021bi de alegere pentru investitori a instan\u021belor (transnistrene sau interna\u021bionale), pentru a-\u0219i ap\u0103ra interesele \u0219i contractele directe cu Guvernul, care constituie un element de asigurare suplimentar\u0103. De asemenea, trebuie remarcat faptul c\u0103, conducerea Transnistriei, al\u0103turi de antreprenori, a depus eforturi active pentru reducerea barierelor administrative, \u0219i anume au fost elaborate \u201efoi de parcurs\u201d cu comunit\u0103\u021bile de afaceri destinate elimin\u0103rii barierelor administrative, aproximativ 15% din toate permisele au fost anulate \u0219i a fost lansat un portal public de servicii.<\/p>\n
Guvernul Transnistriei este interesat \u00een special de atragerea investi\u021biilor \u00een industria agricol\u0103 \u0219i de prelucrare, dar accentul este pus \u0219i pe produc\u021bia orientat\u0103 spre export, prin crearea de produse cu valoare ad\u0103ugat\u0103 ridicat\u0103.<\/p>\n
Unul dintre instrumentele de atragere a investi\u021biilor \u00een regiune a fost deschiderea unei noi Agen\u021bii de Investi\u021bii, care lucreaz\u0103 deja la 18 proiecte pe diferite grade de preg\u0103tire. Mai mult, acompaniamentul poten\u021bialilor investitori \u00eencepe din momentul ce este f\u0103cut primul interes fa\u021b\u0103 de Transnistria. Astfel, sunt ar\u0103tate posibilele industrii pentru investi\u021bii, sunt informa\u021bi cu privire la infrastructur\u0103 \u0219i principala baz\u0103 legislativ\u0103.<\/p>\n
\u201eAm \u00eencercat investitorului s\u0103-i oferim nu numai o baz\u0103 legislativ\u0103, am elaborat revizuiri ale sistemelor fiscale, monetare \u0219i de munc\u0103, deoarece acestea sunt resursele cu care acesta va trebui s\u0103 lucreze. Aceste recenzii sunt disponibile online. Ele permit s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 economia noastr\u0103\u201d,<\/em> a declarat vicepremierul S. Obolonnik.<\/p>\n La Forum au fost discutate m\u0103surile de stimulare a investi\u021biilor \u00een sectorul real al economiei. Este nevoie de bani pentru modernizarea echipamentelor \u0219i optimizarea proceselor de produc\u021bie \u00een cadrul \u00eentreprinderilor. \u0218eful BRT, Vladislav Tidva, a remarcat c\u0103 deprecierea activelor fixe (\u00een termen de 70%) este \u201euna din problemele esen\u021biale ale economiei noastre<\/em>\u201d. \u201eInvesti\u021biile \u00een active fixe vor stimula, de asemenea, cre\u0219terea economic\u0103. Trebuie s\u0103 ie\u0219im cel pu\u021bin la 20% din rata de acumulare, adic\u0103 investi\u021bii \u00een active fixe, acest lucru ne va permite s\u0103 intr\u0103m pe calea cre\u0219terii durabile. \u00cen termeni monetari, aceasta este o sum\u0103 destul de decent\u0103 – aproximativ 150-160 de milioane de dolari. Trebuie s\u0103 ajungem la acest nivel \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eel men\u021binem, oferind, de preferin\u021b\u0103, o cre\u0219tere anual\u0103\u201d,<\/em> a spus V. Tidva, \u0219eful B\u0103ncii Centrale.<\/p>\n Potrivit vicepre\u0219edintelui Uniunii Industria\u0219ilor, Agricultorilor \u0219i Antreprenorilor din Transnistria (UIAAT), Iurii Ceban, deprecierea capitalului circulant poate amenin\u021ba pierderea pie\u021belor de v\u00e2nz\u0103ri str\u0103ine, ceea ce este foarte r\u0103u pentru o economie orientat\u0103 spre export. Mecanismul dezvoltat de creditare preferen\u021bial\u0103 a \u00eentreprinderilor din sectorul real al economiei poate contribui la schimbarea situa\u021biei. Statul va subven\u021biona o parte din rata dob\u00e2nzii la \u00eemprumuturi, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea vor deveni mai ieftine cu 7 puncte procentuale.<\/p>\n Cele mai multe \u0219anse pentru a primi astfel de sprijin vor avea \u00eentreprinderile din sectoarele prioritare. Acestea fiind din agricultur\u0103 (\u00een special industria prelucr\u0103toare, cre\u0219terea animalelor \u0219i horticultura), produc\u021bia de \u00eenc\u0103l\u021b\u0103minte \u0219i \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte, inginerie \u0219i alte industrii. Primii bani au fost primi\u021bi de \u00eentreprinderile care aveau proiecte f\u0103cute de mult timp. Una dintre acestea a fost \u201eIntercentre Lux\u201d. Compania a prezentat dou\u0103 proiecte \u0219i a primit aproximativ 600 mii de dolari pentru dezvoltarea lor \u00een cadrul noului program. Compania a calculat nu numai calendarul \u0219i probabilitatea de rambursare a fondurilor \u00eemprumutate, ci \u0219i efectul economic. \u201eVom primi produse pentru 1 milion 468 mii de dolari, de unde rezult\u0103 cre\u0219terea taxelor, a salariilor, a locurilor de munc\u0103. Pentru \u00eentreaga companie, ne a\u0219tept\u0103m ca \u00een anul viitor s\u0103 avem o cre\u0219tere a produc\u021biei cu 32%, a exporturilor cu 32%, a taxelor cu 34%\u201d<\/em>, a promis pre\u0219edintele societ\u0103\u021bii comerciale \u0219i industriale \u201eIntercentre Lux\u201d Anatolii Dzernovich.<\/p>\n De asemenea, este planificat s\u0103 se acorde acces la \u00eemprumuturi celor care nu dispun de garan\u021bii proprii. Practic, acestea sunt startup-uri care au mari perspective, dar active mici. Guvernul elaboreaz\u0103 un proiect de lege care ar trebui s\u0103 rezerve resurse, pentru proiecte similare. Acest lucru \u00een cadrul Forumului, a men\u021bionat m\u0103surile luate de Transnistria ce vizeaz\u0103 sprijinirea \u0219i atragerea unui investitor intern.<\/p>\n Dac\u0103 e s\u0103 vorbim despre viziunea atractivit\u0103\u021bii fa\u021b\u0103 de investitorii externi, Forumul a fost vizitat de un reprezentant din Statele Unite, directorul Institutului pentru Dezvoltarea Economic\u0103 \u0219i Forme Juridice, Basil Nikas. \u201eIdeea este de a crea o afacere nou\u0103 \u0219i de a cre\u0219te salariile prin participarea investitorilor interna\u021bionali. De exemplu, \u00een Grecia, a fost introdus un impozit pe profit de 65%, \u0219i din acest motiv, multe \u00eentreprinderi au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se \u00eenchid\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 caute o oportunitate de a-\u0219i transfera afacerea \u00een alte \u021b\u0103ri. Am adus o delega\u021bie de oameni de afaceri greci la Tiraspol, o \u00eentreprindere \u00ee\u0219i va aduce aici m\u0103slinele \u0219i va produce ulei de m\u0103sline pentru al exporta \u00een Rusia, deoarece importul de produse grece\u0219ti \u00een Rusia este interzis\u201d,<\/em> a explicat Basil Nikas.<\/p>\n O alt\u0103 propunere f\u0103cut\u0103 la \u00eent\u00e2lnirea cu premierul a fost crearea infrastructurii \u00een cetatea Bender\/Tighina. \u00cen special, se ia \u00een considerare posibilitatea de a construi case mici, stilizate ca cl\u0103diri din secolele trecute. \u201eSe presupune construirea unor case de tip bungalow pentru turi\u0219ti \u00eentre malul Nistrului \u0219i cetate. Turi\u0219tii reprezint\u0103 una dintre oportunit\u0103\u021bile pentru cre\u0219terea rapid\u0103 a veniturilor. De exemplu, turi\u0219tii din Statele Unite sunt interesa\u021bi de rutele turistice netradi\u021bionale, sunt interesa\u021bi de locuri mai pu\u021bin cunoscute\u201d, <\/em>a men\u021bionat Basil Nikas.<\/p>\n Un alt subiect – este parteneriatul de stat cu privatul (PSP). \u201eDe obicei se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 astfel: statul anun\u021b\u0103 un tender, companiile \u00ee\u0219i trimit ofertele, iar compania care ofer\u0103 cea mai bun\u0103 op\u021biune pentru pre\u021b \u0219i timp de construc\u021bie este selectat\u0103. Se semneaz\u0103 contractul \u0219i \u00eencepe construc\u021bia obiectului, care va dura \u00een cele din urm\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori mai mult \u0219i, prin urmare, costul va cre\u0219te de trei ori\u201d,<\/em> a spus Basil Nikas. Spre deosebire de o astfel de schem\u0103, conceptul de PSP este o combina\u021bie de forme de interac\u021biune pe termen mediu \u0219i lung a statului \u0219i a mediului de afaceri pentru rezolvarea sarcinilor semnificative din punct de vedere social \u00een condi\u021bii reciproc avantajoase. \u201eDe exemplu, \u00een cazul repar\u0103rii drumurilor prin parteneriatul PSP, companiile care construiesc drumuri sunt interesate s\u0103-l construiasc\u0103 c\u00e2t mai bine, pentru c\u0103 vor fi responsabile pentru men\u021binerea lor\u201d<\/em>, a spus Basil Nikas. Potrivit invitatului american, aceasta va ajuta bugetul de stat, reduc\u00e2ndu-\u0219i cheltuielile, pentru a ob\u021bine obiecte de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate. Exist\u0103 planuri de a organiza training-uri pentru astfel de parteneriate \u00eentre reprezentan\u021bii agen\u021biilor guvernamentale \u0219i a sectorului privat din Transnistria.<\/p>\n La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, Ivan Untu, \u0219eful Departamentului de Construc\u021bii, Arhitectur\u0103 \u0219i Gospod\u0103rire a Drumurilor al Ministerului Dezvolt\u0103rii Economice, a vorbit despre programe care sus\u021bin infrastructura transnistrean\u0103. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te sectorul rutier, atunci, potrivit lui Ivan Untu, sunt necesare 3 miliarde de ruble pentru restaurarea complet\u0103. \u00centre\u021binerea anual\u0103 a drumurilor este estimat\u0103 la 500 de milioane de ruble. La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, statul poate aloca aproximativ 130-150 de milioane de ruble \u00een fondul rutier. \u00cen 2019, se prevede alocarea a aproximativ 200 de milioane de ruble. \u201eTransnistria a\u0219teapt\u0103 investi\u021bii \u00een sectorul drumurilor\u201d<\/em>, a ad\u0103ugat Ivan Untu.<\/p>\n La Forum au participat, de asemenea, reprezentan\u021bi ai Rusiei care au remarcat succesele \u00eenregistrate \u00een Transnistria. \u0218eful Departamentului pentru Dezvoltarea Climei de Investi\u021bii al AIS, Vitalii Khramushin a remarcat: \u201eO aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 a fost acordat\u0103 la Forum dezvolt\u0103rii legisla\u021biei \u00een republic\u0103. Pot spune c\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 direc\u021bie Transnistria a mers departe \u0219i\u00a0 a dep\u0103\u0219it deja Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103. La noi, un proiect de lege federal este \u00een curs de elaborare. Sper\u0103m c\u0103 \u00een viitorul apropiat va fi \u0219i \u00een Rusia o astfel de legisla\u021bie\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n Ca rezultat al Forumului, au fost semnate dou\u0103 acorduri de cooperare. Unul dintre ele este conceput pentru a aduce la un nou nivel interac\u021biunea Camerelor de Comer\u021b \u0219i Industrie a Transnistriei \u0219i a regiunii Arhangelsk din Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103. \u00cen semnarea documentului, ministrul Agriculturii \u0219i Comer\u021bului al regiunii, Irina Bazhenova, a men\u021bionat c\u0103 antreprenorii locali manifest\u0103 un mare interes fa\u021b\u0103 de produsele transnistrene. \u201eNu este vorba numai de fructe \u0219i legume. Este vorba \u0219i de bunuri din industria u\u0219oar\u0103, \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte de exterior, care acum vine la noi direct de la voi. Am putea furniza \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte pentru agricultur\u0103. Prin urmare, exist\u0103 probleme care trebuie abordate \u00een mod special cu implicarea Camerei de Comer\u021b \u0219i Industrie, care lucreaz\u0103 \u00eendeaproape cu antreprenorii\u201d<\/em>, a declarat Irina Bazhenova.<\/p>\n Cel de-al doilea acord vizeaz\u0103 crearea unui centru exclusiv de comer\u021b \u0219i servicii pentru uzina \u201eElectromash\u201d din Districtul federal Siberia din Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103. De asemenea, \u00eenaintea Forumului au fost semnate dou\u0103 acorduri de investi\u021bii \u00een domeniul agriculturii \u0219i al produselor farmaceutice \u0219i mai multe protocoale de cooperare.<\/p>\n Primul acord de investi\u021bii a fost semnat \u00eentre organul executiv suprem al Transnistriei \u0219i fondatorii companiei SRL \u201eTOP GEO SERV\u201d. Organiza\u021bia face parte dintr-un grup de companii, sediul central al uneia dintre ele fiind situat \u00een comuna Vadu Pa\u0219ii. Compania opereaz\u0103 pe baza unei organiza\u021bii transnistrene din ora\u0219ul Bender. Compania a lansat produc\u021bia \u00een aprilie 2018. Produce profiluri profilate din metale feroase. Ele sunt destinate organiza\u021biilor de construc\u021bii. Materiile prime sunt achizi\u021bionate de la Uzina Metalurgic\u0103 din Moldova, iar produsele sunt exportate \u00een \u021b\u0103rile UE. Contractul de investi\u021bii este de 7 ani \u0219i implic\u0103 cooperarea \u00een implementarea proiectului prioritar – fabricarea profilurilor feroase \u00een sortiment \u0219i implic\u0103 acordarea de preferin\u021be unei companii str\u0103ine.<\/p>\n \u201eAcum am achizi\u021bionat echipament de \u00eenalt\u0103 tehnologie din Spania. Este important pentru noi nu numai s\u0103 venim \u0219i s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103m bani, ci \u0219i s\u0103 contribuim la dezvoltarea regiunii\u201d<\/em>, a declarat investitorul Iulian Gangan.<\/p>\n Forumul a ar\u0103tat \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 c\u0103 afacerile transnistrene \u0219i Guvernul se pot manifesta \u0219i atrage interesul fa\u021b\u0103 de diversele resurse disponibile. Au fost discutate numeroase aspecte \u0219i au fost audiate experien\u021bele diferitelor \u021b\u0103ri. Cel mai important – acestea au fost m\u0103suri de sus\u021binere a statului pentru investitorii interni \u0219i externi. \u00cen cadrul Forumului s-au spus pu\u021bine despre investi\u021bia intern\u0103 a afacerilor, aici este una dintre problemele care se refer\u0103 la toat\u0103 lumea – problema criteriilor pentru selectarea proiectelor de creditare, dintre care dou\u0103 pot fi notate: primul este interesul statului \u00een domeniu pe care \u00eel reprezint\u0103 un anumit proiect. Ast\u0103zi, Transnistria are o prioritate \u00een direc\u021biile care vor asigura \u00eenlocuirea importurilor sau vor avea poten\u021bial de export. Al doilea criteriu este rambursarea \u00eemprumutului, \u00een care utilizarea eficient\u0103 a resurselor de credit \u0219i rambursarea proiectului sunt absolut importante.<\/p>\n Proiectele prioritare \u00een acordarea \u00eemprumuturilor pot fi acele \u00eentreprinderi care ofer\u0103 o prelucrare mai profund\u0103 a produselor pe teritoriul Transnistriei. Un exemplu simplu: UMM proceseaz\u0103 resturi \u0219i produce diferite tipuri de produse laminate. Exist\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentreprinderi care proceseaz\u0103 produsele UMM aici pe teritoriul Transnistriei. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, statul a sus\u021binut proiectul de investi\u021bii \u201eTOP GEO SERV\u201d – au fost acordate scutiri fiscale. Aceasta este o companie care face o construc\u021bii monolitice. Procesul tehnic este destul de simplu: iau arm\u0103tura, o taie \u00een buc\u0103\u021bi \u0219i o \u00eendoaie, \u00een cele din urm\u0103 se ob\u021bin diferite configura\u021bii de piese metalice. Poate c\u0103 nu este o tehnologie nano, cu toate acestea, aceast\u0103 produc\u021bie simpl\u0103 ofer\u0103 acum aproximativ 40 de locuri de munc\u0103. P\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului vor lucra o sut\u0103. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 100 de familii vor avea venit \u0219i acesta este un bun exemplu al dezvolt\u0103rii economiei \u00een regiune \u0219i al cre\u0103rii de locuri de munc\u0103. Anterior, armatura de la UMM mergea \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, acolo fiind prelucrat\u0103, iar acum produc\u021bia din Rom\u00e2nia s-a mutat aici, \u0219i cu ea au venit locuri de munc\u0103 \u0219i taxe. Ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u2013 s-a aprofundat gradul de prelucrare. \u00cen plus, pe teritoriul Transnistriei se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 mai multe etape tehnologice de procesare a produselor, asta \u00eensemn\u00e2nd c\u0103 mai mul\u021bi transnistreni vor primi venituri. \u0218i ceea ce este cel mai interesant, dac\u0103 stimula\u021bi acest lan\u021b de produc\u021bie se lanseaz\u0103 o reac\u021biei \u00een lan\u021b. Dac\u0103 tovar\u0103\u0219ii care taie \u0219i \u00eendoiesc armatura \u00ee\u0219i vor vinde mai mult produsele – vor cump\u0103ra mai multe materii prime de la UMM. Stimularea UMM \u00een sine va fi mai pu\u021bin\u0103: volumele lor vor cre\u0219te datorit\u0103 volumului de produc\u021bie a structurilor de armatur\u0103. Urm\u0103rind aceast\u0103 logic\u0103, prioritatea ar trebui s\u0103 fie acordat\u0103 celor care ar continua s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eentr-un astfel de lan\u021b industrial. Cu c\u00e2t redistribu\u021bia este mai profund\u0103, cu at\u00e2t mai bine pentru toat\u0103 lumea. Stimularea acestuia din urm\u0103 stimuleaz\u0103 indirect \u00eentregul lan\u021b. Acest principiu al distribu\u021biei resurselor de credit pare s\u0103 fie cel mai eficient.<\/p>\n Forumul economic interna\u021bional de investi\u021bii din Transnistria a avut loc \u00een decurs de dou\u0103 zile, \u0219i a condus participan\u021bii la ideea c\u0103 ar trebui creat un singur set de m\u0103suri, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, \u00een practic\u0103, regulile jocului \u0219i condi\u021biile s\u0103 fie acelea\u0219i pentru to\u021bi, f\u0103r\u0103 excep\u021bie. Factorul cheie al dezvolt\u0103rii cu succes a activit\u0103\u021bii de investi\u021bii este \u00eencrederea nu numai \u00eentre stat \u0219i \u00eentreprindere, ci \u0219i \u00eentre angaja\u021bii din sectorul de afaceri \u0219i de stat.<\/p>\n Au fost discutate la Forum problemele despre oportunit\u0103\u021bile de deschidere a tinerilor \u0219i rezolvarea problemelor legate de ocuparea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u0219i chiar a fost dedicat\u0103 o sesiune separat\u0103 pentru a aborda problemele legate de blockchain. Apropo, la majoritatea participan\u021bilor de la Forum le-a pl\u0103cut acest subiect – \u00een timpul \u0219edin\u021bei nu au existat locuri libere \u00een sal\u0103. Perspectivele dezvolt\u0103rii acestui sector al economiei, dup\u0103 ce s-au familiarizat cu opiniile exper\u021bilor din diferite \u021b\u0103ri ale lumii, vor fi subliniate \u00een Guvern. La Forumul din 2018, s-a acordat a aten\u021bie \u0219i politicii sociale. Problemele persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i solu\u021biile lor au fost discutate la o platform\u0103 separat\u0103.<\/p>\n Odat\u0103 cu finalizarea Forumului, Guvernul transnistrean a \u00eenceput s\u0103 discute rezultatele ob\u021binute \u0219i preg\u0103tirea pentru urm\u0103torul Forum de investi\u021bii. Printre avantajele Forumului trecut, \u0219eful Guvernului a numit num\u0103rul considerabil de exper\u021bi din \u021b\u0103ri str\u0103ine. Acest lucru este important pentru c\u0103 trebuie c\u00e2\u0219tigat\u0103 \u00eencrederea investitorilor, a creditorilor, iar dialogul permite ca poten\u021bialul investi\u021bional al Transnistriei \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bile oferite de noua lege privind sprijinirea investi\u021biilor s\u0103 fie informa\u021bionalizat\u0103 la maxim. La urm\u0103torul Forum, \u00een opinia primului-ministru, este necesar s\u0103 fie invita\u021bi oaspe\u021bii care au vizitat Forumul \u00een 2018 \u0219i s\u0103 atragem \u0219i mai mul\u021bi oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, oameni de afaceri \u0219i exper\u021bi. Al doilea lucru pozitiv Alexandr Mart\u00eenov a numit varietatea de sec\u021biuni dedicate noii legi privind investi\u021biile, \u00eemprumuturile de afaceri, politica macroeconomic\u0103, infrastructura social\u0103 \u0219i multe alte aspecte. \u00cen 2019, premierul a sugerat s\u0103 se concentreze asupra investitorilor care \u0219i-au dezvoltat deja produc\u021bia \u00een Transnistria. Potrivit lui Alexandr Mart\u00eenov, investitorii ar putea spune despre experien\u021ba investi\u021biei aici, despre modul \u00een care sunt \u00eendeplinite garan\u021biile \u0219i preferin\u021bele \u00een cadrul unui acord de investi\u021bii \u0219i despre climatul de afaceri din Transnistria. \u201eTrebuie s\u0103 promov\u0103m nu doar produc\u021bia orientat\u0103 spre export, ci \u0219i produc\u021bia, care poate contribui \u00eentr-adev\u0103r la programul de substitu\u021bie de import\u201d<\/em>, – a subliniat Alexandr Mart\u00eenov. Ele vor fi interesante pentru investitor, deoarece \u201epentru ei solvabilitatea cererii \u00een statul nostru este asigurat\u0103\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n La sugestia unui membru al FPR, Sergei Sherstyuk, pentru viitor, trebuie creat\u0103 o sesiune separat\u0103 privind turismul. Locul de desf\u0103\u0219urare pentru conversa\u021bie poate deveni cetatea Bender. \u00cen aceast\u0103 ordine de idei, directorul Agen\u021biei pentru Investi\u021bii, Andrei Betanov a considerat potrivit de a organiza mai multe forumuri individuale, toate acestea fiind consacrate unei teme specifice: industria turismului, tehnologiile blockchain, economie \u0219i investi\u021bii. \u201eAtunci vom putem sublinia \u00een mod cuprinz\u0103tor aceast\u0103 direc\u021bie. Vom putea invita un num\u0103r semnificativ de investitori externi, exper\u021bi\u201d<\/em>, spune Andrei Betanov.<\/p>\n \u0218eful Guvernului a cerut ca comunitatea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 s\u0103 fie conectat\u0103 mai intens. Opinia cadrelor didactice \u0219i a studen\u021bilor este foarte important\u0103. Toate ideile exprimate vor fi incluse \u00een preg\u0103tirea pentru urm\u0103torul Forum \u0219i poate \u00een 2019 ele vor fi mai multe.<\/p>\n Mul\u021bi participan\u021bi la Forum au fost interesa\u021bi de una dintre cele mai importante \u00eentreb\u0103ri, dac\u0103 legea \u201eCu privire la sprijinul de stat al activit\u0103\u021bii de investi\u021bii\u201d va func\u021biona, c\u00e2t de active vor fi fluxurile de investi\u021bii \u00een Transnistria. \u0218ansele de reu\u0219it\u0103 vor cre\u0219te drastic dac\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile transnistrene vor lua urm\u0103toarele decizii: 1) s\u0103 creeze institu\u021bii pentru a proteja drepturile de proprietate (cur\u021bi de drept civil \u0219i comercial), 2) mai multe valute: $, euro, RUR-ruble, grivne, lei; 3) adoptarea Constitu\u021biei economice, care introduce o jachet\u0103 str\u00e2mt\u0103 asupra statului: \u00a0m\u0103rimea cheltuielilor guvernamentale de maxim 25% din PIB, infla\u021bie – maxim 2% pe an, interzicerea deficitului bugetar mai mult de 2 ani la r\u00e2nd, datoria de stat maxim 20% din PIB, proprietatea de stat \u2013 maxim 15% din totalul activelor; 4) un nou sistem fiscal: taxa pentru v\u00e2nz\u0103rile cu am\u0103nuntul de bunuri \u0219i servicii (15-20%), impozitul pe accize pentru persoane fizice – 10%; 5) tariful zero la import (sau unul singur \u00een valoare de 3-5%); 6) refuzul de a reglementa \u201emanual\u201d pre\u021burile; 7) crearea unei pie\u021be financiare complete; 8) concuren\u021ba standardelor de calitate, certificarea voluntar\u0103; 9) licen\u021bierea: exclusiv pe principiul unei amenin\u021b\u0103ri imediate la adresa vie\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii; 10) interzicerea inspec\u021biilor entit\u0103\u021bilor comerciale cu cifra de afaceri lunar\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3.000 $; 11) un regim special pentru gestionarea activelor \u0219i resurselor statului (lichidarea fondurilor de stat; conflict de interese).<\/p>\n \u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 Forumul a acordat o mare aten\u021bie vectorului pro-rus al cooper\u0103rii, de fapt se dovede\u0219te c\u0103 majoritatea rela\u021biilor comerciale din Transnistria sunt cu Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i, prin urmare, pozi\u021bia \u0219i ac\u021biunile Uniunii Europene \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu afacerile din Transnistria sunt foarte importante pentru Guvern. Prin urmare, la \u00eent\u00e2lnirea recent\u0103 a lui Alexandr Mart\u00eenov cu ambasadorul UE \u00een Moldova, P. Michalko, premierul a rostit vorbele-cheie pentru dezvoltarea economiei transnistrene: \u201eAu fost mul\u021bi invita\u021bi din UE, Rusia, Statele Unite. Cred c\u0103, Forumul a fost un succes. Facem doar primii pa\u0219i \u00een astfel de evenimente, \u00een construirea unui climat de afaceri pozitiv. Iar prezen\u021ba unor astfel de oaspe\u021bi ca dumneavoastr\u0103, reprezentan\u021bi ai afacerilor europene, are un efect pozitiv asupra atragerii investitorilor \u00een Transnistria. Acest lucru sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103, economia noastr\u0103 devine tot mai deschis\u0103 \u0219i suntem capabili s\u0103 colabor\u0103m cu reprezentan\u021bii Uniunii Europene, ai Rusiei \u0219i ai altor \u021b\u0103ri … Sper\u0103m c\u0103 ve\u021bi continua s\u0103 participa\u021bi la aceste evenimente\u201d<\/em>. Este foarte important ca ambi\u021biile politice ale liderului transnistrean s\u0103 nu submineze cooperarea \u00een proiectele de afaceri cu Uniunea European\u0103.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0412 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0451\u043b \u041f\u041c\u0418\u042d\u0424-2018 \u0432 \u0433. \u0422\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 600 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438, \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438, \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f, \u042d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f. \u0417\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e 9 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 2018\u0433. \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u00ab\u041e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e 14% \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 25%), \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432) \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438) \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442 500 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e \u2013 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u0435, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n \u0417\u0430 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u00a0 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0451\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: -\u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0451\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0442\u044b (\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432); -\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 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\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f 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\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 15% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433.<\/p>\n \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0410\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434 18 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0451\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043a \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044e. \u0418\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n \u00ab\u041c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0430 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u0443 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