{"id":5497,"date":"2018-10-18T07:18:42","date_gmt":"2018-10-18T05:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/?p=5497"},"modified":"2018-10-18T07:18:42","modified_gmt":"2018-10-18T05:18:42","slug":"mihai-melintei-dinamica-procesului-de-reglementare-transnistreana-ianuarie-octombrie-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/mihai-melintei-dinamica-procesului-de-reglementare-transnistreana-ianuarie-octombrie-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Mihai Melintei: Dinamica procesului de reglementare transnistrean\u0103 (ianuarie \u2013 octombrie 2018)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen sistemul actual de rela\u021bii interna\u021bionale au loc schimb\u0103ri dinamice, care afecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod direct problema regiunii transnistrene. Situa\u021bia care se formeaz\u0103 la nivel interna\u021bional, dar \u0219i regional a reactivat politica extern\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bilor (Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u0219i Tiraspol), care au reac\u021bionat la provoc\u0103rile \u0219i amenin\u021b\u0103rile realit\u0103\u021bii diplomatice din regiune. \u00cen prezent problema transnistrean\u0103 a dob\u00e2ndit o semnifica\u021bie important\u0103 \u00een regiune, baz\u00e2ndu-se pe trei factori. Primul factor se refer\u0103 la solu\u021bionarea divergen\u021belor politice dintre p\u0103r\u021bi prin definirea problemelor \u0219i rezolvarea acestora. Al doilea factor este crearea unui instrument suplimentar pentru dep\u0103\u0219irea crizei din Ucraina, regiunea transnistrean\u0103 fiind conceput\u0103 de Kiev drept un spa\u021biu de manevre tactice de tip ofensiv\u0103 a Moscovei.[1]<\/a> Al treilea factor este determinat de impactul semnificativ al conflictului transnistrean asupra rela\u021biilor dintre F. Rus\u0103 \u0219i Uniunea European\u0103. \u00cen contextul crizei din Ucraina \u0219i intensific\u0103rii confrunt\u0103rii dintre F. Rus\u0103 \u0219i Occident \u00een spa\u021biul post-sovietic, procesul de negociere a reglement\u0103rii problemei transnistrene a cunoscut o activitate intens\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent procesul de negociere este caracterizat printr-o activizare a mecanismelor de solu\u021bionare pa\u0219nic\u0103 a problemei transnistrene. Dinamica dialogului dintre Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u0219i Tiraspol \u00een mare parte se datoreaz\u0103 necesit\u0103\u021bii de a realiza \u0219i a pune \u00een aplicare acordurile stabilite \u00een Protocolul de la Viena din 27-28 noiembrie 2017.[2]<\/a> Deschiderea podului peste r\u00e2ul Nistru din zona satelor Gura B\u00e2cului \u0219i B\u00e2cioc \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 a fost primit\u0103 pozitiv de c\u0103tre participan\u021bii interna\u021bionali din formatul \u201e5+2\u201d \u0219i a dat un impuls formatului de negocieri.[3]<\/a>\u00a0 La data de 1 februarie 2018 la sediul Misiunii OSCE din Chi\u0219in\u0103u a avut loc \u0219edin\u021ba grupurilor de lucru (exper\u021bi) pentru educa\u021bie. \u00cen contextul acordului semnat, partea transnistrean\u0103 a informat despre finalizarea procedurilor de introducere a modific\u0103rilor \u00een legisla\u021bia intern\u0103, necesare pentru eliberarea unei diplome suplimentare, pe care partea moldoveneasc\u0103 va aplica apostila.[4]<\/a> Pentru punerea \u00een aplicare a dispozi\u021biilor Deciziei de protocol privind utilizarea terenurilor agricole situate \u00een raionul Dub\u0103sari, la 31 ianuarie 2018, partea transnistrean\u0103 a adoptat o decizie privind solu\u021bionarea problemei utiliz\u0103rii terenului agricol din raionul Dub\u0103sari. Au fost puse la dispozi\u021bie autorit\u0103\u021bi publice autorizate, care sunt responsabile de: primirea documentelor de la fermierii din anumite sate din raionul Dub\u0103sari; eliberarea certificatelor de \u00eenregistrare temporar\u0103; furnizarea de terenuri agricole \u0219i monitorizarea utiliz\u0103rii corespunz\u0103toare a acestora. A fost implementat\u0103 o procedur\u0103 simplificat\u0103 pentru trecerea m\u0103rfurilor, tehnicii, produselor agricole \u0219i a \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor prin punctul de control vamal transnistrean.[5]<\/a> La 26 aprilie 2018 a \u00eenceput procesul de eliberare a certificatelor de acces pentru fermierii moldoveni la terenurilor agricole din raionul Dub\u0103sari.[6]<\/a> Tot \u00een luna aprilie 2018 la sediul Misiunii OSCE din Tiraspol a avut loc reuniunea subgrupelor de lucru (exper\u021bi) pe probleme bancare. Activitatea acestui grup a fost relansat dup\u0103 o pauz\u0103 de 5 ani. \u00cen cadrul acestei reuniuni s-a expus viziunea privind interac\u021bionarea \u00een sfera financiar\u0103 \u0219i bancar\u0103.[7]<\/a> A fost relansat\u0103 (dup\u0103 o pauz\u0103 din iulie 2016) \u0219i activitatea grupului de lucru (exper\u021bi) pentru acte de stare civil\u0103 \u0219i documentare a popula\u021biei. La \u0219edin\u021ba acestui grup de lucru (exper\u021bi), din 12 octombrie 2018, au participat \u0219i reprezentan\u021bi din cadrul formatului de negocieri \u201e5+2\u201d.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Reuniunile \u00een formatul \u201e5+2\u201d au dat un impuls dialogului \u0219i au permis atingerea unor rezultate concrete. Cel mai mult aceasta s-a reflectat \u00een semnarea acordului privind participarea autovehiculelor transnistrene la traficul rutier interna\u021bional. \u00cen urma reuniunii \u00een formatul \u201e5+2\u201d de la Roma[9]<\/a>, \u00een protocol au fost stabilite obliga\u021biile p\u0103r\u021bilor cu indicarea termenilor limit\u0103 pentru aplicarea acestora (vezi punctul 6 din protocol[10]<\/a>). \u00cen vederea punerii \u00een aplicare a Deciziei de protocol privind interac\u021biunea \u00een domeniul telecomunica\u021biilor[11]<\/a>, din 25 noiembrie 2017, p\u0103r\u021bile la reuniunea grupurilor de lucru (exper\u021bi) pentru telecomunica\u021bii \u0219i servicii po\u0219tale la data de 28 iunie 2018 au semnat o foaie de parcurs.[12]<\/a> Decizia de protocol privind participarea la traficul interna\u021bional a autovehiculelor din regiunea transnistrean\u0103 a fost aplicat\u0103 \u00een data de 1 septembrie 2018.[13]<\/a> Dup\u0103 datele Biroului de reintegrare a Republicii Moldova, elaborarea acestei Decizii de protocol, dar \u0219i punerea \u00een aplicare a dispozi\u021biilor protocolului a fost precedat\u0103 de 25 de reuniuni ale grupurilor de lucru (exper\u021bi) pentru dezvoltarea transportului auto \u0219i infrastructurii drumurilor.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Un subiect separat al procesului de negociere \u0219i foarte important este controlul vamal comun moldo-ucrainean de pe segmentul transnistrean de frontier\u0103 (vezi Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile de Guvern a R. Moldova din 23 mai 2018[15]<\/a>). Partea transnistrean\u0103 a comunicat \u00een mod regulat participan\u021bilor formatului \u201e5+2\u201d despre pozi\u021bia sa privind inadmisibilitatea stabilirii controlului vamal comun. A prezentat informa\u021bii extinse privind consecin\u021bele d\u0103un\u0103toare ale implement\u0103rii acestui pas unilateral.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cens\u0103, de facto, acest control vamal comun a \u0219i implicat participan\u021bii din procesul de negociere \u00eentr-o discu\u021bie pentru elaborarea unor condi\u021bii optime de continuare a activit\u0103\u021bii economice externe a regiunii transnistrene \u0219i de asigurare a dreptului popula\u021biei din st\u00e2nga Nistrului la libera circula\u021bie. \u00cen vederea prevenirii bloc\u0103rii aprovizion\u0103rii Transnistriei cu preparate veterinare \u0219i fitosanitare, dar \u0219i \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 elimine obstacolele din sfera comer\u021bului cu produse supuse controlului fitosanitar, Chi\u0219in\u0103ul \u0219i Tiraspolul, \u00een cadrul reuniunii reprezentan\u021bilor politici la 15 februarie 2018, au semnat o Decizie de protocol cu privire la mecanismul de interac\u021biune \u00een domeniul veterinar, carantin\u0103 \u0219i protec\u021bia plantelor.[16]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00cen cadrul reuniunilor la nivelul grupurilor de lucru (exper\u021bi) \u0219i reprezentan\u021bilor politici, au fost propuse mecanisme practice de interac\u021biune \u00eentre autorit\u0103\u021bile competente din regiune transnistrean\u0103 \u0219i R. Moldova privind asigurarea transparent\u0103 a importului de preparate veterinare \u0219i fitosanitare \u00een Transnistria. \u00cen aceast\u0103 direc\u021bie \u0219i Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i-a \u00eenceput o activitate. \u00cen special, Transnistriei i-au fost acordate preferin\u021be comerciale, rezultatul fiind v\u0103zut \u00een cifrele comer\u021bului extern al regiunii transnistrene. Pentru perioada ianuarie \u2013 septembrie 2018, Transnistria a exportat \u00een UE 36% din produse \u00een valoare de 188 mln. $, pe c\u00e2nd \u00een Uniunea Eurasiatic\u0103 doar 10% din produse \u00een valoare de 56 mln. $.[17]<\/a> Aceste condi\u021bii au f\u0103cut ca Tiraspolul s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai flexibil \u00een procesul de negociere cu Chi\u0219in\u0103ul.<\/p>\n

UE deschis \u00eendeamn\u0103 Chi\u0219in\u0103ul \u0219i Tiraspolul s\u0103 fac\u0103 anumite concesii cu privire la procesul de negociere. Acest lucru este urmat de un anumit interes al UE \u00een regiune, acela de a da un impuls solu\u021bion\u0103rii problemei separatismului \u00een R. Moldova. Transnistria r\u0103m\u00e2ne o enclav\u0103 unde se afl\u0103 trupe ruse\u0219ti. Aceasta este o problem\u0103 dificil\u0103 pentru R. Moldova, Ucraina, dar \u0219i pentru alte \u021b\u0103ri din Balcani. Rezolvarea conflictului va duce la eliminarea unei amenin\u021b\u0103ri armate aflate \u00een apropierea de grani\u021bele Uniunii Europene. Mai mult de at\u00e2t, UE sus\u021bine implementarea reformelor democratice \u00een R. Moldova \u0219i a semnat \u00een anul 2014 un parteneriat de liber schimb aprofundat (DCFTA). Astfel de parteneriate UE a mai semnat cu Georgia, care are problema Abhaziei \u0219i Osetiei de Sud (republici recunoscute de F. Rus\u0103) \u0219i Ucraina unde are loc un conflict armat \u00een zona Donbas.[18]<\/a> Regiunea transnistrean\u0103 are o colaborarea activ\u0103 cu organiza\u021biile europene, principalele fiind Berlin Economics, care efectueaz\u0103 o analiz\u0103 economic\u0103 a regiunii[19]<\/a> \u0219i EUBAM, \u00een special la aplicarea noului cod vamal al regiunii transnistrene.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bine\u00een\u021beles c\u0103, administra\u021bia regiunii transnistrene demonstreaz\u0103 \u0219i va demonstra \u00een continuare c\u0103 este un aliat \u0219i satelit geopolitic al F. Ruse. Totu\u0219i, gazul \u0219i resursele financiare vin de la Moscova. \u00cens\u0103, realit\u0103\u021bile economice \u0219i geografice din ultimul timp, oblig\u0103 partea transnistrean\u0103 s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze altfel. Astfel, Chi\u0219in\u0103ul a primit o pozi\u021bie de a influen\u021ba anumite condi\u021bii din procesul de negociere. Drept exemplu este problema cu restric\u021biile importului de bunuri \u00een Transnistria, inclusiv importul de combustibil \u0219i lubrifian\u021bi pe calea ferat\u0103. Cu toate c\u0103, Decizia de protocol privind reluarea traficului feroviar de marf\u0103 pe teritoriul Transnistriei a fost prelungit\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la data de 31 decembrie 2018[21]<\/a>, documentul este implementat corespunz\u0103tor doar \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu exportul de bunuri din Transnistria \u0219i tranzitul acestora \u00een R. Moldova. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te importul de bunuri, au loc probleme tehnologice de interac\u021biune \u00eentre autorit\u0103\u021bile vamale. Influen\u021ba Chi\u0219in\u0103ului \u00een acest context const\u0103 \u00een perspectiva de a extinde controlul comun vamal cu Ucraina \u00a0pe segmentul transnistrean la punctul de trecere feroviar Novosavitskoe \u2013 Cuciurgan.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

Interac\u021biunea p\u0103r\u021bilor \u00een Comisia Unificat\u0103 de Control, care monitorizeaz\u0103 regulat situa\u021bia din Zona de Securitate este dificil\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 cu toate acestea sunt luate m\u0103suri opera\u021bionale pentru rezolvarea incidentelor \u0219i asigurarea stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een Zon\u0103. Situa\u021bia din jurul Misiunii de Men\u021binere a P\u0103cii este \u0219i mai complex\u0103. Partea moldoveneasc\u0103 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00eentreprind\u0103 ac\u021biuni diplomatice\u00a0 \u00eempotriva prezen\u021bei militare ruse\u0219ti din regiunea transnistrean\u0103, care are un contingent militar \u0219i \u00een cadrul Misiunii de Men\u021binere a P\u0103cii. Mai mult de at\u00e2t, ONU a adoptat o Rezolu\u021bie cu privire la retragerea trupelor militare str\u0103ine de pe teritoriul R. Moldova[23]<\/a> – este vorba despre Grupul Operativ de Trupe Ruse (GOTR) dislocat \u00een regiunea transnistrean\u0103. Aceast\u0103 rezolu\u021bie con\u021bine dispozi\u021bii critice privind prezen\u021ba personalului militar rus \u00een regiunea transnistrean\u0103. Subiectul privind eficacitatea \u0219i legitimitatea GOTR din regiunea transnistrean\u0103 a devenit foarte important \u00een ultima perioad\u0103 \u0219i este discutat la majoritatea platformelor interna\u021bionale de negociere. GOTR din regiunea transnistrean\u0103 din punct de vedere strategico-militar nu are o pozi\u021bie de ofensiv\u0103, nu este dotat cu sisteme de ap\u0103rare antirachet\u0103 \u0219i anti-atacuri aeriene (defini\u021bie NATO \u2013 counter-air defence),<\/em> mijloace de descurajare nuclear\u0103, centre de comunica\u021bii direct asociate cu armata rus\u0103. \u00cens\u0103, \u00een cazul escalad\u0103rii conflictului transnistrean, conducerea rus\u0103 va interveni, cu condi\u021bia dac\u0103 va exista o agresiune sau amenin\u021bare direct\u0103 \u00eempotriva grupului militar (vezi strategia Na\u021bional\u0103 de Ap\u0103rare a F. Ruse[24]<\/a>). Totu\u0219i, pentru atingerea intereselor strategice F. Rus\u0103 este deschis\u0103 \u00een promovarea elimin\u0103rii conflictelor regionale (vezi punctul 3 \u201ee\u201d \u0219i 58 din Concep\u021bia politicii externe a F. Ruse[25]<\/a>).\u00a0 Cu toate acestea, \u00een cadrul reuniunilor reprezenta\u021bilor politici din partea Chi\u0219in\u0103ului \u0219i Tiraspolului problema sta\u021bion\u0103rii trupelor ruse\u0219ti \u00een regiunea transnistrean\u0103 nu este discutat\u0103 \u0219i nu sunt create mecanisme\/instrumente care pot permite solu\u021bionarea acestei probleme. P\u0103r\u021bile continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eentreprind\u0103 ac\u021biuni sistematice unilaterale, care destabilizeaz\u0103 formatul de men\u021binere a p\u0103cii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen concluzie de la \u00eenceputul anului 2018 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent au avut loc 58 de \u0219edin\u021be ale grupurilor de lucru (exper\u021bi) \u00eentre Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u0219i Tiraspol.[26]<\/a> Aceste \u0219edin\u021be demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 are loc o apropiere diplomatic\u0103 \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi pe anumite domenii. Sunt \u00eendeplinite acordurile de pe marginea a mai multor aspecte de cooperare practic\u0103 \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi. Cu ajutorul mediatorilor interna\u021bionali s-au g\u0103sit instrumentele necesare pentru rezolvarea unor probleme importante. \u00cen cazul atingerii unor acorduri fundamentale \u00eentre F. Rus\u0103 \u0219i Transnistria, pe de o parte, \u0219i Statele Unite, UE, Ucraina, R. Moldova, pe de alt\u0103 parte, se poate g\u0103si solu\u021bia rezolv\u0103rii problemei transnistrene.\u00a0 \u00cens\u0103, ne\u00eencrederea dintre F. Rus\u0103 \u0219i Occident blocheaz\u0103 anumite ac\u021biuni comune, pun\u00e2nd sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii garan\u021biile privind p\u0103strarea acordurilor ini\u021biale. \u00cen special, aceasta se refer\u0103 la neutralitatea R. Moldova. Occidentul vede \u00een procesul de solu\u021bionare a conflictului transnistrean o minimizare a influen\u021bei militare ruse\u0219ti pe Nistru, \u00een particular, \u0219i \u00een spa\u021biul post-sovetic la general. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, nu sunt purtate discu\u021bii privind mecanismele echilibratoare \u00een cazul dac\u0103 F. Rus\u0103 va accepta promovarea reintegr\u0103rii. Totu\u0219i, scenariul reintegr\u0103rii ar permite teoretic F. Ruse s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103 un impact asupra vie\u021bii politice interne din R. Moldova \u0219i s\u0103 se conecteze la rela\u021biile cu Occidentul. Dar, un astfel de scenariu are un set de probleme, chiar dac\u0103 conducerea regiunii transnistrene intensific\u0103 interac\u021biunea cu Occidentul pentru a-\u0219i reduce costurile blocadei. Consider c\u0103 un astfel de scenariu poate fi implementat doar \u00eentr-o perspectiv\u0103 de negociere de lung\u0103 durat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent procesul de negociere \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi are o dinamic\u0103 pozitiv\u0103, mai ales pe fundalul cooper\u0103rii sporite cu Occidentul. Ac\u021biuni \u00eempotriva F. Ruse privind \u00eendeplinirea cerin\u021belor finale ale dispozi\u021biilor Summitului OSCE de la Istanbul din 1999[27]<\/a> vor continua, indiferent de cine va c\u00e2\u0219tiga la alegerile parlamentare din R. Moldova din 24 februarie 2019. Prin urmare, perspectiva cea mai probabil\u0103 este p\u0103strarea statului \u201esuspendat\u201d<\/em> al regiunii transnistrene \u0219i purtarea negocierilor \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi cu \u00eenregistrarea anumitor progrese. Aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 ar permite asigurarea stabilit\u0103\u021bii procesului de negociere \u0219i a echilibrului de for\u021be \u00een regiune, mai ales pe fundalul st\u0103rii de confruntare din Ucraina. Reglementarea problemelor de ordin politic dintre Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u0219i Tiraspol \u021bine de capacitatea diplomatic\u0103 a formatului \u201e5+2\u201d \u0219i este un proces foarte complex \u0219i pe termen lung. Succesul reglement\u0103rii transnistrene depinde de combina\u021bia favorabil\u0103 a multor factori externi \u0219i interni, condi\u021bii subiective \u0219i obiective. Unicitatea situa\u021biei reglement\u0103rii transnistrene din prezent const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103, pentru prima dat\u0103, s-au \u00eenregistrat progrese semnificative \u00een dosarul rezolv\u0103rii pa\u0219nice a conflictelor din spa\u021biul post-sovietic.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Ukrinform, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0420\u0424 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435<\/em>, 17.08.2018, \u0432 https:\/\/www.ukrinform.ru\/rubric-polytics\/2520133-ukrainskie-diplomaty-obespokoeny-manevrami-voennyh-rf-v-pridnestrove.html<\/a> (03.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Mihai Melintei, Cronologia Conflictului Transnistrean Adnotat\u0103 Bibliografic (cu versiune \u00een limba rus\u0103), <\/em>Editura Astra, Sibiu, 2018, p. 355.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Moldova, Podul Gura B\u00eecului \u2013 B\u00eecioc, deschis transportului de pasageri \u0219i m\u0103rfuri de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 tone<\/em>, 31.01.2018, \u00een http:\/\/www.moldova.org\/podul-gura-bicului-bicioc-deschis-transportului-de-pasageri-si-marfuri-de-pana-la-10-tone\/<\/a> (03.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0414\u0435\u043b \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u041e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 (\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445) \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em>, 01.02.2018, \u0432 http:\/\/mfa-pmr.org\/ru\/xhc<\/a> (03.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u041e\u0431 \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0414\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0435<\/em>, 01.02.2018, \u0432 http:\/\/gov-pmr.org:81\/item\/11118<\/a> (03.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> LACT, Fermierii din raionul Dub\u0103sari au primit primele certificate de acces la terenurile agricole din regiunea transnistrean\u0103<\/em>, 26.04.2018, \u00een https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/2018\/04\/26\/publika-md-fermierii-din-raionul-dubasari-au-primit-primele-certificate-de-acces-la-terenurile-agricole-din-regiunea-transnistreana\/<\/a> (03.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0414\u0435\u043b \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u0412 \u0422\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 (\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445) \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/em>, 20.04.2018, \u0432 http:\/\/mid.gospmr.org\/ru\/kyK<\/a> (03.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Guvernul R. Moldova, La<\/em> Tiraspol<\/em> s<\/em>–<\/em>au<\/em> reunit<\/em> grupurile<\/em> de<\/em> lucru<\/em> pentru<\/em> acte<\/em> de<\/em> stare<\/em> civil<\/em>\u0103 \u0219<\/em>i<\/em> documentare<\/em> a<\/em> popula<\/em>\u021b<\/em>ie<\/em>,<\/em> 12.10.2018, \u00een https:\/\/gov.md\/ro\/content\/la-tiraspol-s-au-reunit-grupurile-de-lucru-pentru-acte-de-stare-civila-si-documentare?fbclid=IwAR22NzYLeBPQsC1VdfMHFr6BYSPRNzi-MBJBP0Hwtv13OMUwaGJgQz-30CQ<\/a> (12.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> OSCE, Commitment to finalize all the aspects of the \u201cpackage of eight\u201d makes this year historic for Chisinau and Tiraspol, says OSCE Special Representative<\/em>, 30.05.2018, in https:\/\/www.osce.org\/chairmanship\/382879<\/a> (04.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> OSCE, Protocol of the Official Meeting of the Permanent Conference for Political Questions in the Framework of the Negotiating Process on the Transdniestrian Settlement<\/em>, 30.05.2018, in https:\/\/www.osce.org\/chairmanship\/382885<\/a> (04.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Anuarul Laboratorului pentru Analiza Conflictului Transnistrean, Decizia Protocolar\u0103 cu privire la m\u0103surile de organizare a interac\u021biunii \u00een domeniul telecomunica\u021biilor, <\/em>Vol.I, Nr.1, Sibiu, pp. 274-275.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0414\u0435\u043b \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u0412 \u041a\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/em>, 29.06.2018, \u0432 http:\/\/mfa-pmr.org\/ru\/zhx<\/a> (04.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> LACT, \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 10 septembrie, \u00een Transnistria vor fi emise pl\u0103cu\u021be de \u00eenmatriculare neutre<\/em>, 03.09.2018, \u00een https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/2018\/09\/03\/infotag-md-incepand-cu-10-septembrie-in-transnistria-vor-fi-emise-placute-de-inmatriculare-neutre\/<\/a> (04.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Guvernul R. Molvoa, Lista coordonatorilor grupurilor de lucru din partea Chi\u0219in\u0103ului, <\/em>\u00een https:\/\/gov.md\/ro\/content\/lista-coordonatorilor-grupurilor-de-lucru-din-partea-chisinaului<\/a> (04.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Guvernul R. Moldova, \u0218edin\u021ba Guvernului din 23 mai 2018, ora 15:00, <\/em>\u00een https:\/\/gov.md\/ro\/content\/sedinta-guvernului-din-23-mai-2018-ora-1500<\/a> (04.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> LACT, DECIZIE DE PROTOCOL cu privire la mecanismul de interac\u021biune \u00een domeniul veterinar, carantin\u0103 \u0219i protec\u021bia plantelor \/ \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0422\u041e\u041a\u041e\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0415 \u0420\u0415\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/em>,\u00a0 16.02.2018, \u00een https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/2018\/02\/16\/decizie-de-protocol-cu-privire-la-mecanismul-de-interactiune-in-domeniul-veterinar\/<\/a> (04.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u0412\u041d\u0415\u0428\u041d\u042f\u042f \u0422\u041e\u0420\u0413\u041e\u0412\u041b\u042f \u041f\u041c\u0420 \u041f\u041e \u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041d\u042b\u041c \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041c \u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0423\u041f\u041f\u0410\u041c \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d \u0412 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0420\u0415\u0417\u0415 \u0422\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0420\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0423\u041a\u0422\u0423\u0420 \u0417\u0410 \u042f\u041d\u0412\u0410\u0420\u042c-\u0421\u0415\u041d\u0422\u042f\u0411\u0420\u042c 2018 \u0413.<\/em>, 05.10.2018, \u0432 http:\/\/customs.gospmr.org\/vneshnyaya-torgovlya-pmr-po-osnovnym-stra.html<\/a> (06.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> European Commission, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine<\/em>, in https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/taxation_customs\/business\/international-affairs\/international-customs-cooperation-mutual-administrative-assistance-agreements\/georgia-republic-moldova-ukraine_en<\/a> (06.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c Berlin Economics<\/em>, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 2018, \u0432 http:\/\/www.mer.gospmr.org\/novosti\/mart\/vstrecha-s-rukovodstvom-berlin-economics.html<\/a> (06.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0422\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u0422\u0410\u041c\u041e\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041a\u041e\u0414\u0415\u041a\u0421 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0414\u041d\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u041c\u041e\u041b\u0414\u0410\u0412\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u0420\u0415\u0421\u041f\u0423\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041a\u0418<\/em>, \u0432 http:\/\/customs.gospmr.org\/tamozhennyy-kodeks-pridnestrovskoy-m.html<\/a> (06.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0414\u0435\u043b \u041f\u041c\u0420, \u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434,<\/em> 29.01.2018, \u0432 http:\/\/mfa-pmr.org\/ru\/Nyh<\/a> (06.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f, \u041c\u041e\u041b\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0418\u041d\u0410 \u041e\u0422\u041a\u0420\u041e\u042e\u0422 \u0415\u0429\u0415 \u0414\u0412\u0410 \u0421\u041e\u0412\u041c\u0415\u0421\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041a\u041f\u041f \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0414\u041d\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0415<\/em>, 24.05.2018, \u0432 https:\/\/novostipmr.com\/ru\/news\/18-05-24\/moldova-i-ukraina-otkroyut-eshche-dva-sovmestnyh-kpp-na<\/a> (06.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> United Nations, General Assembly Adopts Texts Urging Troop Withdraw from Republic of Moldova, Strengthening Cooperation in Central Asia<\/em>, 22.06.2018, in https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2018\/ga12030.doc.htm<\/a> (09.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 31.12.2015 \u0433. \u2116 683<\/em>, 31.12.2015, \u0432 http:\/\/kremlin.ru\/acts\/bank\/40391\/page\/1<\/a> (09.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0414\u0435\u043b \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412.\u0412.\u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c 30 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2016 \u0433.)<\/em>, 01.12.2016, \u0432 http:\/\/www.mid.ru\/foreign_policy\/news\/-\/asset_publisher\/cKNonkJE02Bw\/content\/id\/2542248<\/a> (09.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Guvernul R. Moldova, Lista coordonatorilor grupurilor de lucru din partea Chi\u015fin\u0103ului<\/em>, \u00een https:\/\/gov.md\/ro\/content\/lista-coordonatorilor-grupurilor-de-lucru-din-partea-chisinaului<\/a> (12.10.2018).<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> OSCE, Istanbul Document<\/em>, 19.11.1999, in https:\/\/www.osce.org\/mc\/39569<\/a> , p. 237 (12.10.2018).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen sistemul actual de rela\u021bii interna\u021bionale au loc schimb\u0103ri dinamice, care afecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod direct problema regiunii transnistrene. Situa\u021bia care se formeaz\u0103 la nivel interna\u021bional, dar \u0219i regional a reactivat politica extern\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bilor (Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u0219i Tiraspol), care au reac\u021bionat la provoc\u0103rile \u0219i amenin\u021b\u0103rile realit\u0103\u021bii diplomatice din regiune. \u00cen prezent problema transnistrean\u0103 a dob\u00e2ndit o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5497"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5497"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5498,"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5497\/revisions\/5498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centers.ulbsibiu.ro\/ccsprise\/lact\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}